Of major significance was spearheaded by the Sanger group in the mid 1970s, when they introduced the notion of using primed Using this approach it was possible to infer short sequences, such as that of the Escherichia coli lac operon ( Gilbert and Maxam 1973), and it was feasible at the time to report the data from an entire sequencing project in a paper’s abstract. Theme of cleavage of short polynucleotides and subsequent identification by their migration characteristics using two-dimensional The very earliest sequencing techniques involved variations on the Has advanced by punctuated equilibrium, where a new approach to sequencing is introduced, adopted, and improved upon incrementallyįor some period of time, then replaced by the next wave. Since the establishment of DNA as hereditary material and the elucidation of its structure, there has been insatiable demandįor sequence information and remarkable innovation in the methods used to obtain it. We can expect continuous improvement of this new generation of instruments and their eventual replacement by even more powerful Given the ever increasing demand for DNA sequence information, However, recentlyĭeveloped methods for paired-end sequencing and for array-based direct selection of desired templates from complex mixturesĮxtend the utility of these platforms for genome analysis. Number of samples that can be run simultaneously imposes some practical constraints on sequencing applications. In terms of bases per day and cost per base, the short length of sequence reads obtained from most instruments and the limited While these platforms outperform capillary instruments Sequencing platforms in terms of stage of development, instrument configuration, template format, sequencing chemistry, throughputĬapability, operating cost, data handling issues, and error models. Simultaneously, the sequence of millions of different DNA templates has changed the field. A new generation of instruments that utilize primed synthesis in flow cells to obtain, DNA sequencing is in a period of rapid change, in which capillary sequencing is no longer the technology of choice for most
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